Evaluation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Burnout Syndrome Among Healthcare Workers in Taizhou, China.

Objectives: To evaluate COVID-19 burnout syndrome among healthcare workers in Taizhou, China. Methods: A total of 1,103 qualified healthcare workers in Taizhou were included in the study. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was used to assess burnout syndrome. Results: Among the healthcare workers surveyed, 25.9% experienced COVID-19 burnout syndrome, including 22.3% and 3.6% with mild and moderate burnout, respectively. Multivariate linear regression models revealed associations with emotional exhaustion among healthcare workers, as follows: occupation, education level and professional qualifications. Professional efficacy was impacted by the pandemic, as follows: sex and occupation. The following factors were associated with cynicism among healthcare workers: occupation and underlying disease. Occupation (medical technician vs. physician, ß = -7.40, 95% confidence interval: -12.09 to -2.71, p = 0.002) was significantly related to MBI-GS scores after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: COVID-19 burnout syndrome was common among healthcare workers in Taizhou, China, and its impact was more burdensome to physicians.

Correlation Between Ontological Insecurity and Daily Epidemic Prevention Behavior Among Inpatients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study evaluates inpatients' ontological insecurity and daily epidemic prevention behavior during the pandemic and explores the factors influencing daily epidemic prevention behaviors. The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in December 2019 caused a global public health crisis that has affected the very structure of society and the order of daily life. Ontological security is the ability to predict the impact of changes in social environments on personal security, such as during the pandemic. A cross-sectional study was used to collect data from 1185 inpatients of a hospital in Zhejiang, China, from July 11 to August 9, 2021. Our questionnaire recorded information on demographics, ontological insecurity, and daily epidemic prevention behaviors. The Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Spearman's correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the influencing factors of daily epidemic prevention behavior on ontological security. Results showed a negative correlation between inpatients' ontological insecurity and daily epidemic prevention behavior (r = -.253, P < .001). The logistic regression analysis showed that the independent factors affecting daily epidemic prevention behavior include ontological insecurity (OR: 0.952; 95% CI: 0.937-0.968) (P < .001), sex (OR: 1.292; 95% CI: 1.004-1.663), age (OR: 0.880; 95%: 0.790-0.980), education (OR: 1.307; 95% CI: 1.098-1.556), and occupation [famers vs civil servants, staff or professional (OR: 0.596; 95% CI: 0.374-0.949),other versus civil servants, staff, or professional (OR: 0.693; 95% CI: 0.503-0.953)] (P < .05). Inpatients were shown to have good ontological security during the COVID-19 epidemic, younger patients, female patients, patients with stronger ontological security, patients with a higher educational level, and those who work in a fixed unit or organization showed higher levels of daily epidemic prevention behavior. Hospital managers should strengthen the intervention management of epidemic prevention behavior based on patient characteristics.

A survey on the safety of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among a population with stroke risk in China.

Background: The safety of the COVID-19 vaccine in patients at stroke risk is poorly understood. Methods: A survey was conducted on risk factors related to stroke and adverse reactions to vaccines. The participants were divided into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, according to the stroke risk scorecard recommended by the Stroke Prevention and Control Engineering Committee of the National Health and Family Planning Commission. Factors associated with adverse reactions were analyzed. Reasons for non-vaccination and the aggravation of underlying diseases after vaccination were investigated. Results: 1747 participants participated (138 unvaccinated) and 36.8, 22.1, 41.1% of the vaccinated participants had low, medium, high risk of stroke, respectively. The incidence of adverse reactions after the first and second injection was 16.6, 13.7%, respectively. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among different risk groups. Sex, vaccine type, sleep quality, worry of adverse reactions, age, and education level were significantly related to adverse reactions to vaccination. The most popular reason for non-vaccination for medium- or high risk-participants was the aggravation of the existing disease. Only 0.3% of vaccinated participants reported slight changes in blood pressure, sugar levels, and lipid levels. No aggravation of stroke sequelae, atrial fibrillation, or transient ischemic attack was reported. Conclusions: Vaccination against COVID-19 (inactive virus) is safe for people at risk of stroke when the existing disease condition is stable. It is suggested to strengthen vaccine knowledge and ensure good sleep before vaccination.

Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding COVID-19 among hospitalized patients in Taizhou, China.

Objection: This study investigated the relationship between the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among hospitalized patients regarding the prevention and control of COVID-19. Method: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among hospitalized patients between July 8 and August 11, 2021, at a tertiary hospital in Taizhou, China. We performed descriptive analysis, t test, ANOVA (analysis of variance), and generalized linear regression modeling on the exported data. All data were analyzed using R software, version 4.1.0. Results: A total of 1185 valid questionnaires were returned. The average score of the participants on COVID-19 behaviors was 69.3 (SD = 15.6, with a full score of 87), indicating that most inpatients had good COVID-19 prevention and control behaviors. In addition, we found that inpatients with higher COVID-19 awareness also behaved better (B (95%CI) = 1.00 (0.73-1.27)) and were more willing to recommend vaccination to other people (OR (95%CI) = 1.11 (1.06-1.17)). Moreover, hospitalized patients who had positive attitudes toward implementing COVID-19 prevention and control measures had better practices (B (95%CI) = 2.50 (2.24-2.76)) and more willingness to recommend vaccinations (OR (95%CI) = 1.20 (1.14-1.26)). Conclusion: The research showed that the COVID-19 behaviors of hospitalized patients were positively associated with their knowledge and attitudes. These findings suggested that, for inpatients, hospitals should focus on teaching basic prevention knowledge of COVID-19. Targeted education initiatives should also be developed for patients from rural areas, especially those over 60 years of age, to help improve their knowledge and cultivate good prevention and control behaviors. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10389-022-01796-y.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy between family decision-makers and non-decision-makers among college teachers.

BACKGROUND: Teachers with high educational levels significantly impact the health-related knowledge and attitudes of young students and their family members. This study aimed to investigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy and associated factors, and compare the differences between decision-makers and non-decision-makers among college teachers. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was administered across mainland China from 4 to 7 August 2021. Overall, 251 college teachers were included using snowball sampling. A multivariable logistic regression model was applied to explore the association between decision-makers and hesitancy to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS: Overall, 42.2% of the teachers were hesitant to being vaccinated against COVID-19. The hesitancy rate was lower among primary decision-makers than that among non-decision-makers (34.8% vs. 60.3%, p < .001). Primary decision-makers were less hesitant regarding COVID-19 vaccination than non-decision-makers (OR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.20-0.70); remarkably, whereas those engaged in nursing education versus non-medical related professional education (OR = 2.67, 95% CI 1.29-5.49), and partial versus full-course vaccination recipients (OR = 4.48, 95% CI: 1.76-11.42) were more likely to be hesitant regarding COVID-19 vaccination. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that a high proportion of college teachers in China are hesitant to receiving COVID-19 vaccination, and that primary decision-makers are less likely to exhibit hesitancy to being vaccinated against COVID-19 than non-decision-makers in their family. Family decision-makers among teachers can be considered a priority for COVID-19 vaccine promotion, thereby enhancing vaccine acceptance among vulnerable populations-including older adults and children-and preventing adverse outcomes.KEY MESSAGESQuestion: How prevalent is COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among college teachers? Do differences exist between decision-makers and non-decision-makers?Findings: We found that a substantial proportion of college teachers are hesitant to being vaccinated against COVID-19, and that family decision-makers exhibited a lower hesitancy rate than non-decision-makers.Meaning: Our findings indicate that distinguishing between family decision-makers and non-decision-makers is necessary to facilitate vaccination promotion interventions among college teachers.

Evaluation of burnout among stay-behind healthcare workers during the current Omicron wave of COVID-19 in Taizhou, China.

Background: Since February 2022, a new Omicron wave of COVID-19 emerged in Shanghai, China. Many healthcare workers came to Shanghai from hospitals of other parts of China as aid workers. Hospitals in areas with mild COVID-19 outbreaks will inevitably be understaffed, it is likely to cause job burnout of stay-behind healthcare workers. Stay-behind healthcare workers were those who had not been dispatched to support COVID-19 prevention and control in other regions. This study was designed to evaluate the burnout among stay-behind healthcare workers in the current COVID-19 Omicron wave in Taizhou, China. Methods: A population-based, anonymous, cross-sectional online survey was designed in the Wen-Juan Xing platform. The survey was sent to all stay-behind healthcare workers of the hospital (n = 1739) from April 29 to May 3, 2022. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was used for the burnout survey. For univariate analysis, the χ2 test and one way ANOVA were used to assess differences in categorical variables and continuous variables, respectively. The effect of independent associated risk factors on each type of burnout was examined using the multinomial logistic regression model. Results: A total of 434 participants completed the survey invitation effectively. A total of 71.2% of stay-behind healthcare workers experienced burnout during COVID-19, including 54.8% experiencing mild to moderate burnout and 16.4% experiencing severe burnout. Night shift, depression, social support, positive coping and number of children appeared to be significantly related to mild to moderate burnout. Night shift, depression, social support, positive coping, number of children, professional title, and anxiety appeared to be significantly related to severe burnout. Conclusion: Job burnout among stay-behind healthcare workers was an important problem during the current Omicron wave of COVID-19. Night shift, depression, social support, positive coping, and number of children were associated with mild to moderate and severe burnout. Anxiety and professional title were associated with severe burnout.

Adverse reactions to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease: The effect of anxiety.

Studies have shown that patients with chronic liver disease are at a higher risk of contracting novel coronavirus pneumonia than healthy individuals, and many guidelines state that patients with chronic liver disease should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination, but there are a few studies on its safety in CLD patients. We aimed to evaluate the safety of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with chronic liver disease, and the effect of anxiety on adverse reactions. A questionnaire survey for self-administered post-vaccination adverse reaction monitoring was conducted from June 17, 2021, to August 11, 2021, in patients with chronic liver disease attending a tertiary care hospital in Taizhou, China. We analyzed the data from of a total of 160 participants who scanned the QR code on social media to respond to the questionnaire. The overall incidence of adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease was 44.4% (71/160), and the most common adverse reaction was local injection site reaction, accounting for 80.3% of adverse reactions (57/71). No serious adverse reactions were reported. Approximately 53.1% of the patients had anxiety about vaccination, and 51.8% of those who felt anxious reported adverse reactions. The safety of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease is good, and there is a strong association between adverse reactions and vaccine anxiety. Pre-vaccination education for patients with vaccine anxiety and psychological counseling may reduce reports of adverse reactions and improve patients' confidence in the vaccine.

Willingness of Older Adults with Chronic Diseases to Receive a Booster Dose of Inactivated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Study in Taizhou, China.

Vaccination is an important measure to control the spread of COVID-19 among elderly high-risk groups; however, the propensity to receive COVID-19 vaccine boosters has not been evaluated in these populations. Here, we aimed to investigate the willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster among the elderly chronic disease population in Taizhou, China. A cross-sectional, hospital-based survey was conducted in the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital between 6 July and 11 August 2021 in Taizhou, China, and the data were uploaded to Wen-Juan-Xing, one of the largest online platforms used to collect survey data in China. The targeted population was non-oncology chronic disease patients aged 60 years and above. The minimum sample size was 229, determined by the G*Power software (v3.1.9.2, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany). A total of 254 patients with valid data were enrolled in this study, with a response rate of 82.5% (254/308). Chi-square tests and one-way binary regression were used to compare the proportions and the degree of influence of categorical factors. The magnitude of the effect for the comparisons was measured by Gramer's V. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to correct for confounders and to identify factors. All data were analyzed using SPSS v24.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA). A total of 198 respondents (77.9%) were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster dose, and 77.6% of respondents were willing to receive the primary dose. Age < 70 years (OR 2.82), stable disease control (OR 2.79), confidence in the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine (OR 3.11), and vaccine recipient (OR 5.02) were significantly associated with the willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster dose. Promoting primary dose vaccination is essential for advancing booster vaccination, and it is important to focus on elderly patients' confidence in the vaccine, in addition to strengthening health management and promoting disease stability. Follow-up studies should focus on elderly patients who belong to specific disease groups.

A survey on the safety of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among a population with stroke risk in China

Background The safety of the COVID-19 vaccine in patients at stroke risk is poorly understood. Methods A survey was conducted on risk factors related to stroke and adverse reactions to vaccines. The participants were divided into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, according to the stroke risk scorecard recommended by the Stroke Prevention and Control Engineering Committee of the National Health and Family Planning Commission. Factors associated with adverse reactions were analyzed. Reasons for non-vaccination and the aggravation of underlying diseases after vaccination were investigated. Results 1747 participants participated (138 unvaccinated) and 36.8, 22.1, 41.1% of the vaccinated participants had low, medium, high risk of stroke, respectively. The incidence of adverse reactions after the first and second injection was 16.6, 13.7%, respectively. There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among different risk groups. Sex, vaccine type, sleep quality, worry of adverse reactions, age, and education level were significantly related to adverse reactions to vaccination. The most popular reason for non-vaccination for medium- or high risk-participants was the aggravation of the existing disease. Only 0.3% of vaccinated participants reported slight changes in blood pressure, sugar levels, and lipid levels. No aggravation of stroke sequelae, atrial fibrillation, or transient ischemic attack was reported. Conclusions Vaccination against COVID-19 (inactive virus) is safe for people at risk of stroke when the existing disease condition is stable. It is suggested to strengthen vaccine knowledge and ensure good sleep before vaccination.

Relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A cross-sectional study in Taizhou, China.

Objective: This study aimed to explore COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Chinese adults and analyzed the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP), and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Methods: A population-based self-administered online survey was conducted in Taizhou, China to evaluate the population's hesitancy to receive COVID-19 vaccination. A total of 2.463 adults received the invitation for the survey through WeChat (A Chinese app that is used for chat, social media, and mobile payment), and 1.788 interviewees answered the structured questionnaire. The overall response rate was 72.6%. Results: Total 45.2% of people were hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccination. Using binary logistic regression analysis, we found low perception of safety (Model 3: Odds ratio = 2.977, Confidence interval: 2.237-3.963) and efficacy (Model 3: OR = 1.904, 95%CI: 1.462-2.479) of the COVID-19 vaccine in adults is the most important risk factor for COVID-19 vaccine hesitation. People who know more about COVID-19 vaccination are less hesitant (Model 2: OR = 0.967, 95% CI: 0.951-0.983). People who did not seek information independently about the COVID-19 vaccine are more likely to be skeptical (Model 4: OR = 1.300, 95% CI: 1.058-1.598, P = 0.013). Conclusion: In China, the population had higher levels of COVID-19 vaccine hesitation, and their knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine, perceptions of safety and efficacy, and physical health status were significantly associated with vaccine hesitation. These results provide ideas for promoting COVID-19 vaccination and intervention and have far-reaching implications for further strengthening research on vaccine hesitancy in COVID-19 and exploring strategies for COVID-19 vaccine promotion.

The main decision-making competence for willingness-to-pay towards COVID-19 vaccination: a family-based study in Taizhou, China.

PURPOSE: This research aimed to explore individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) and studied the role of family decision makers in WTP for COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS: A self-administered online questionnaire evaluating the willingness of community residents to pay for booster vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine was conducted among families in a community in Taizhou, China. The logistic regression model was performed to identify the factors associated with WTP for the COVID-19 vaccines, and all data were analysed by R software, version 4.1.0. RESULTS: 44.2% and 43.7% of 824 community residents were willing to pay for the first two doses and the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, respectively. Decision-makers were more willing to pay for both the first two doses and the boost dose of the COVID-19 vaccines, with OR (95%CI) being 1.75 (1.25-2.47) and 1.89 (1.34-2.67), respectively. Besides, participants' WTP for COVID-19 vaccines were also associated with their occupation and monthly household income. CONCLUSION: This study found that family decision-makers were more willing to pay for both the first two doses and the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines in Taizhou, China. To improve the WTP for COVID-19 vaccines, public policy programs need to conduct a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis and focus on the role of family decision makers in vaccination.Key MessagesA study evaluating the willingness of community residents to pay for booster vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine was conducted among families in a community in Taizhou, China.Family decision-makers were more willing to pay for both the first two doses and the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines.To improve the WTP for COVID-19 vaccines, public policy programs need to conduct a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis and focus on the role of family decision-makers in vaccination.

Willingness-to-pay for a booster dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Taizhou, China.

This study was conducted to ascertain whether people in China would be willing to pay for an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine booster dose. An online survey estimating participants' willingness to pay (WTP) for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine was conducted in Taizhou, China. The participants received ane-mail or e-poster on WeChat. A total of 1576 subjects participated the survey. A total of 66.4% (1046/1576) of the respondents were willing to pay for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine for themselves. Using binary logistic regression analysis, the following factors were significantly related to a WTP for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine: 1) confidence in the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines (high vs. low, OR: 4.30, 95%CI: 1.61-11.43), 2) confidence in the preventive effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 virus (moderate vs. little, OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.30-2.38; great vs. little, OR: 2.244, 95%CI: 1.62-3.12), and 3) COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (unhesitant vs. very unhesitant, OR: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.45-1.02; hesitant vs. very unhesitant, OR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.19-0.44; very hesitant vs. very unhesitant, OR: 0.09, 95%CI: 0.03-0.27). This study revealed that a moderate proportion of participants responded that they would be willing to pay for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine. These findings suggest the importance of a detailed assessment and a health education plan that better understands the population's risk perception as well as the potential health risks in China.

Patients' Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic: The Relationship Between Potential Pandemic-Induced Disruptions, Ontological Security, and Adaptive Responses in Taizhou, China.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the social environment of most individuals around the world and has profoundly impacted people's lives, ontological security, and behavior. Among them, the patients are one of the groups most influenced by the pandemic. Objective: The present research aimed to study the relationship of COVID-19 pandemic-induced disruption to patients' daily lives, ontological security, and patients' responses to prevent the spread of COVID-19, and explore the role of ontological security. Methods: This article was based on an online structured questionnaire study conducted among hospitalized patients in Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China, from 8 July to 11 August 2021. We analyzed the data using the multivariate regression model and mediation analysis method. Results: The results showed that the higher the pandemic-induced disruption to inpatients' lives, the better behavior would be taken by hospitalized patients to prevent the spread of COVID-19, and the perceived scarcity of ontological security played a mediating role in this process. Higher pandemic-induced disruption to patients' lives increased the ontological insecurity which further, in turn, reduced patients' good practice toward measures to prevent the novel coronavirus. Conclusion: These findings provided direct evidence for the relationship between pandemic-induced disruption, scarcity of ontological security, and patients' prevention behavior. It suggested that there was a need to emphasize patients' ontological security. Overall, these findings suggested that it is important to emphasize the mental health among patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, and implement strategies to offer psychological support when needed.

Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among hospitalized patients in China: a case-control study.

A lack of confidence on the vaccination drive hinders the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among hospitalized patients in China. This case-control study was based on SARS-CoV-2 sero-surveillance during hospitalization. From April to June 2021, hospitalized patients without documented COVID-19 infection from the Department of Urology were routinely assayed for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The SARS-CoV-2 vaccination history of each participant was obtained from their vaccination records. Of the 405 participants, there were 37 seropositive participants (case group) and 368 seronegative participants (control group); 68 participants (16.8%) had received the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, including 54 who received the Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccine and 14 received the Sinopharm vaccine. All seropositive participants who had received one or two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine were assessed for at least 16 days, while 31 (8.4%) of 368 seronegative controls who had received the vaccine were tested for 1-94 days. The overall seroconversion rate was 54.4% (37/68) in the vaccinated participants who received the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) for seropositivity was 6.20 (95% CI: 2.05-18.71) in those received full vaccination with two doses versus those partially vaccinated participants with one dose after adjusting for sex and age. These findings imply that the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could have a protective antibody response.

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy between teachers and students in a college, a cross-sectional study in China.

Studies have identified teacher effects on students' attitudes. This study explored the differences in and associations between teachers' and students' COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and the factors that affect it. A population-based self-administered online survey was conducted to evaluate the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy of teachers and students in a college in Taizhou, China. A total of 835 valid questionnaires were obtained. All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics 26.0 software. The proportions of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for teachers and students were 31.7%, and 23.8%, respectively. In the binary logistic regression analysis, teachers who perceived the safety of the COVID-19 vaccine as low (OR = 6.794 , 95%CI: 1.701-27.143), did not pay continuous attention to the vaccine news (OR = 3.498, 95%CI: 1.150-10.640), and suffered chronic diseases (OR = 2.659, 95%CI: 1.135-6.227) were more likely to hesitate to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The group of students who perceived the COVID-19 vaccine safety as being low (OR = 1.805, 95%CI: 1.094-2.979) were more hesitant to get the COVID-19 vaccine. While both teachers and students were hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccine, teachers were found to be more so. Perceptions regarding the safety of COVID-19 vaccines, attention to and awareness of vaccine news, and chronic medical conditions were the main factors that influenced the hesitation regarding COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, students' vaccine hesitancy may depend largely on the perceptions of the vaccine's safety rather than teachers' vaccine hesitancy.

Willingness to pay for booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Taizhou,China.

PURPOSE: We explored the willingness to pay for booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among health-care workers in Taizhou, China. METHODS: A population-based self-administered online questionnaire evaluating the willingness of health-care workers to pay for booster vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine was conducted in Taizhou, China. Of the 1102 health-care workers received the invitation, 1072 (97.3%) had received twice vaccination of COVID-19 vaccine. RESULTS: There were 1569 (53.1%) out of 1072 health-care workers not willing to pay for thebooster dose of COVID-19 vaccines, 348 (32.5%) were willing to pay less than 100CHY for the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines, only 155 (14.5%) were willing to pay more than 100 CHY. The factors related to willingness to pay for booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines were education level (c2 = 9.42, P = .01) or whether they had adverse effect to COVID-19 vaccines (c2 = 11.87, P < .01) . CONCLUSION: This study found that about half of health-care workers were willing to pay for booster dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Taizhou, China, most of them are willing to pay less than 100 CHY. Health-care workers' willingness to pay for booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines were related to sex, education level, whether they had adverse effect to COVID-19 vaccines.

The impact of the Omicron epidemic on the health behavior in Cape Town, South Africa.

Background: South Africa was the first country with a case of Omicron variant infection diagnosed; therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the impact of the Omicron mutant strain outbreak on the health behavior of the South African population and encourage the population to adopt timely protective behaviors against Omicron mutant strain infection. Study design and methods: This was a population-based, cross-sectional study conducted in Cape Town, South Africa, in December 2021. We distributed 300 questionnaires to adults aged >18 years, and they were all returned. Results: Of the South African population, 60.3% expressed a high level of concern regarding Omicron; 89.3% improved on at least one of the following three health behaviors: mask-wearing, washing hands, and reducing socialization; and only 10.7% exhibited no improvement in health behaviors. Of these, 71.3% and 57.0% increased the length of time they wore a mask and washed their hands, respectively, and 47% decreased the number of times they socialized. Age, residence, education level, chronic disease, and whether they had received the COVID-19 vaccine were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the presence and absence of enhanced health behaviors. The levels of concern and knowledge regarding the Omicron virus significantly influenced health-behavior change (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: There has been a positive change in the South African population toward adopting mask-wearing, hand washing, and reducing socialization in response to the Omicron virus strain epidemic. Based on one health approach, it is important to focus on populations with chronic diseases, those who have not yet received the COVID-19 vaccine, and other populations with low rates of health behavior change.

Association between health behaviours and the COVID-19 vaccination: risk compensation among healthcare workers in Taizhou, China.

This study is conducted to explore the association between health behaviors and the COVID-19 vaccination based on the risk compensation concept among health-care workers in Taizhou, China. We conducted a self-administered online survey to estimate the health behaviors among the staff in a tertiary hospital in Taizhou, China, from May 18 to 21 May 2021. A total of 592 out of 660 subjects (89.7%) responded to the questionnaire after receiving an e-poster on WeChat. Subjects who had been inoculated with the COVID-19 vaccine were asked to mention the differences in their health behaviors before and after the vaccination. The results showed that there were no statistical differences in health behaviors between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, except in terms of the type of gloves they used (62.8% in the vaccinated group and 49.2% in the unvaccinated group, p = .048). Subjects who received earlier COVID-19 vaccinations exhibited better health behaviors (22.40% increased for duration of wearing masks (P = .007), 25.40% increased for times of washing hands (P = .01), and 20.90% increased for times of wearing gloves (P = .01)). Subjects also revealed better health behaviors (washing hands, wearing gloves, and wearing masks) after vaccination compared to that before. In conclusion, concept of risk compensation was not applied in our findings. The health behaviors did not reduce after the COVID-19 vaccination, which even may improve health behaviors among health-care workers in the hospital setting.

Why do parents willingness-to-pay to vaccinate their children against COVID-19? A real-world evidence in Taizhou, China.

PURPOSE: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted to explore whether parents are willing to pay to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in China. METHODS: With a self-administered online questionnaire, we investigated parents' willingness to pay for their children to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in Taizhou, China. Of the 1,845 parents who answered the structured questionnaire when they received an e-mail or e-poster invitation, 1788 samples with valid data underwent data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 66.1% of parents reported being willing to pay to inoculate their children with the COVID-19 vaccine. After adjustment for confounding factors, lower education level, one-child family (yes vs. no, OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.04-1.74), knowledge score of vaccination against COVID-19 (high vs. low, OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.01-1.69), awareness of the permitted use of the vaccine (yes vs. no, OR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.16-1.97), and willingness to pay for a COVID-19 vaccine for themselves (yes vs. no, OR = 16.31, 95%CI: 12.59-21.14) were significantly associated with parents' willingness to pay for their children. CONCLUSION: We found that a moderate proportion of parents reported unwillingness to pay for their child to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The results indicate that further detailed assessment and more health education planning are required to increasing parents' WTP for the vaccination of children in China.

Willingness to receive a booster dose of inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine in Taizhou, China.

PURPOSE: This population-based study aimed to determine the willingness to receive a booster dose of vaccine against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Taizhou, China. METHODS: An online questionnaire investigation addressing participants' willingness to receive a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was organized in Taizhou, China. Of the 2318 interviewees who received the invitation, 1576 finished a qualifying questionnaire, corresponding to a response rate of 68.0%. RESULTS: The majority of respondents (n = 1435 [91.1%]) were willing to accept a booster vaccination against COVID-19. History of allergic reaction to other vaccines (OR = 0.30), confidence in the safety of the COVID-19 vaccines (OR = 3.20), confidence in the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 2.25) and its variants (useful versus [vs.] useless, OR = 2.33), and vaccine recipients (OR = 3.09) remained significantly associated with willingness to accept a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. CONCLUSION: A moderate proportion of the participants who responded were willing to receive a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. These results are valuable for starting health education and interventions to accelerate vaccine uptake and improve public health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.